Area

Population

Religion

Language

Literacy

Life Exp.
50,962 mi2 10,539,000 Greek Orthodox Greek, English, French 95% 78 years

The land where democracy was conceived in the fifth century B.C. has periodically suffered the loss of freedom and welcomed its rebirth. After almost 400 years under Turkish rule, Greece won independence in 1830. Scarred by Nazi occupation during World War II and an ensuing civil war, the nation witnessed the collapse of a seven-year junta in 1974, after Turkish troops invaded Cyprus. (Greece and Turkey have yet to settle disputes over a divided Cyprus and air and sea rights in the Aegean.) An elected government and new constitution followed. A NATO member, Greece accommodates U.S. and other military bases.

Membership in the European Union has helped stimulate industry, agriculture, and shipping. Greece's maritime fleet is the largest in Europe. Recent economic growth, lower inflation, and lower unemployment have helped Greece somewhat overcome its position as one of the poorest of the EU countries in terms of per capita income.

The unique ecosystems of the National Forest of Prespa and the dense woodlands of the Rhodope Mountains have been set aside as international preserves. Athens, whose classical monuments are threatened by air pollution, is a commercial hub for the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Greece's ancient treasures, striking landscapes, and pleasing climate are irresistible, enticing some 10 million visitors a year.